 Turkish PM Erdogan refused anything less than full membership |
Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul arrived in Luxembourg for the start of the talks, after Ankara reached agreement on a draft deal.
The move follows more than 24 hours of fraught discussions among EU nations.
Members agreed on the terms of entry talks, after Austria withdrew a demand that Turkey should be offered an option short of full membership.
Turkey had flatly rejected such an option.
Mr Gul told reporters on his departure from Ankara that an "historic point has been reached today", adding that Turkey "has embarked on a new era".
"The text sets out very clearly the prospect of full membership. There is no alternative option (mentioned)," he went on. UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, who led what he called "a pretty gruelling 30 hours of negotiations", called it a "truly historic day for Europe and the whole of the international community".
He warned it would be a "long road ahead", with negotiations expected to take about 10 years, but added, "I have no doubt that if bringing Turkey in is the prize, it is worth fighting."
Before the late breakthrough, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan had insisted he would not compromise on his stance, "which is appropriate to Turkey's national interests and political principles".
'Listening to people'
Monday saw Austria put under intense pressure, as it, alone among the EU's 25 members, demanded that the draft framework for entry talks should be rewritten.
 | AUSTRIA'S PROBLEM Public still coming to terms with last EU enlargement Tabloid newspaper campaign against Turkish membership Governing People's Party feeling vulnerable and isolated Element of xenophobia and Islamophobia Memory of Ottoman sieges of Vienna |
The EU's member states must unanimously approve a negotiating mandate before talks can begin.
Austrian Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik said her country was "listening to the people" by questioning full membership for Turkey.
"There are moments when we have to say that such fundamental things are at stake that a compromise is not possible," she warned.
But after a series of meetings with Mr Straw, it appeared she gave way.
There is deep popular opposition in Austria and other European countries to Turkey's accession to the EU, with sceptics citing Turkey's size, poverty, and main religion - Islam - as reasons to keep it at a distance.
Austrian Chancellor Wolfgang Schuessel has said he wants the EU to acknowledge popular concerns over its expansion.
But Mr Straw warned of a "theological-political divide, which could open up even further down the boundary between so-called Christian-heritage states and those of Islamic heritage".
